The literature review will help the researcher to conceptualize his study. With the aid of the previous studies conducted, the main problem of the research can be formulated as well as the sub-problems that shall support the main problem of the study. Literature review will also help the researcher to decide on what research paradigm he will adopt which in turn determines the variables of the problem statement. Paradigm is a model on how we understand the world around us. It is the philosophies of people. Research paradigm can be “positivism” or “interpretivism.” A positivist research paradigm emanates from the natural sciences. It is objective that it separates the researcher from its subjects while interpretivist research paradigm assumes that the researcher and the subjects are inseparable, hence, values and interest of the researcher affects the research.
The research paradigm is important because it further determines what methodology can be adopted. Positivism requires a quantitative approach wherein data to be gathered must be quantitative ( if qualitative, it must be converted into quantitative). Quantitative data need quantitative analysis. Interpretivism, on the other hand, demands qualitative data that can be gathered through methods that don’t require statistical analysis.
On my next post I shall cover the methods in a positivism or interpretivism research paradigm.
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